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Jacob Dolson Cox
Jacob Dolson Cox, (Jr.) (October 27, 1828August 4, 1900) was a lawyer, a Union Army general during the American Civil War, and later a Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the 28th Governor of Ohio and as United States Secretary of the Interior. As Governor of Ohio, Cox sided with President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan and was against African American suffrage. Secretary of Interior Cox implemented civil service reform into the Department of Interior. However, Cox was opposed by Republican Party managers. President Grant and Secretary Cox were at odds over the fraudulent McGarahan Claims and the Dominican Republic annexation treaty. Secretary Cox advocated a lasting, honest, and comprehensive Indian policy legislated by Congress after the Piegan Indian massacre. Cox resigned as Secretary of Interior having been unable to gain Grant's support over the fraudulent McGarrahan claims controversy. Although Cox was a reformer, Grant had believed Cox had overstepped his authority as Secretary of Interior and had undermined his authority as President. In 1876 Cox returned to politics and was elected to and served one term as United States Congressman of Ohio. Congressman Cox supported President Hayes's reform efforts, but his term as Congressman was unsuccessful at establishing permanent Civil Service reform. Cox retired and did not return to active politics, using his time to write several books on Civil War campaigns.
==Early years==
Cox was born in Montreal, Canada. His father and mother respectively were Jacob Dolson Cox and Thedia Redelia Kenyon Cox, both Americans. The elder Jacob, of Dutch descent, was a New York building contractor and superintended the roof construction of the Church of Notre Dame. Cox returned with his parents to New York City a year later. His early education included private readings with a Columbia College student. His family suffered a financial setback during the Panic of 1837, and Cox was unable to afford a college education and obtain a law degree. New York State law mandated that an alternative to college would be to work as an apprentice in legal firm for seven years before entering the bar. In 1842, Cox entered into an apprenticeship for a legal firm and worked for two years. Having changed his mind on becoming a lawyer, Cox worked as bookkeeper in a brokerage firm and studied mathematics and classical languages in his off hours. In 1846 he enrolled at Oberlin College in the preparatory school having been influenced by the Reverends Samuel D. Cochran and Charles Grandison Finney, leaders of Oberlin College. He graduated from Oberlin with a degree in theology in 1850〔Ohio Historical Society web site.〕 or 1851.〔Eicher, p. 187; Warner, p. 97.〕 He became superintendent of the Warren, Ohio, school system as he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1853.
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